Everything about Cr Olit totally explained
Créolité is a literary movement first developed in the
1980s by
Martinican writers
Patrick Chamoiseau,
Jean Bernabé and
Raphaël Confiant. The trio published
Eloge de la créolité (In Praise of Creoleness) in
1989 as a response to the perceived inadequacies of the
négritude movement.
Créolité, or "creoleness", is a
neologism which attempts to describe the cultural and linguistic heterogeneity of the
Antilles, and more specifically of the
French Caribbean.
Creoleness may also refer to the scientifically meaningful characteristics of
creole languages, the subject of study in
creolistics.
History
Créolité can perhaps best be described in contrast with the movement that preceded it,
la négritude, a literary movement spearheaded by
Aimé Césaire,
Léopold Sédar Senghor and
Léon Damas in the
1930s. The
Négritude writers sought to define themselves in terms of their cultural, racial, and historical ties to the
African continent as a rejection of
French colonial political
hegemony and of
French cultural, intellectual, racial, and moral domination. Césaire and his contemporaries considered the shared
black heritage of members of the
African diaspora as a source of power and self-worth for those oppressed by physical and psychological violence of the colonial project.
Later writers such as Martinican
Edouard Glissant came to reject the monolithic view of "blackness" portrayed in the négritude movement. In the early
1980s, Glissant advanced the concept of
Antillanité ("Caribbeanness") which claimed that Caribbean identity couldn't be described solely in terms of African descent. Caribbean identity came not only from the heritage of ex-slaves, but was equally influenced by indigenous Caribbeans, European colonialists,
East Indian and
Chinese coolies (
indentured servants). Glissant and adherents to the subsequent
créolité movement (called
créolistes) stress the unique historical and cultural roots of the Caribbean region while still rejecting French dominance in the French Caribbean.
The authors of
Eloge de la créolité describe
créolité as "an annihilation of fake universality, of monolinguism, and of purity." (
La créolité est une annihilation de la fausse universalité, du monolinguisme et de la pureté). In particular, the
créolité movement seeks to overturn the dominance of
French as the language of culture and literature in the French Caribbean. Instead it valorizes the use of
Antillean Creole in literary, cultural, and academic contexts. Indeed, many of the
créolistes publish their novels in both Creole and French.
Bibliography
- Bernabé, Jean, Patrick Chamoiseau & Raphaël Confiant (1993).Éloge de la créolité Paris: Gallimard. p. 28.
- .
- Wittmann, Henri (1999). "Prototype as a typological yardstick to creoleness." The Creolist Archives Papers On-line, Stockholms Universitet.(External Link
)
Further Information
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